• The protective role of HMW HA in inflammatory diseases

  2024-08-19

  

  The protective role of HMW-HA in inflammatory diseases and pulmonary damage led us to investigate whether PM2.5-induced ALI could be attenuated by HMW-HA and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we used a rat model to evaluate the effect of HMW-HA on pulmonary histology, lung inflammation, oxid

• Several combination studies have been performed

  2024-08-19

  

  Several combination studies have been performed using animal models of mucormycosis, principally involving R. arrhizus. In two investigations using diabetic and/or neutropenic mice, a combination of a polyene with an echinocandin was shown to improve survival compared with monotherapies [25], [34].

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction The

  2024-08-19

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction The angiogenic ocular conditions represent the most common cause of blindness in developed countries [1]. It can affect all ages, for example, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants [2], [3], diabetic retinopathy (DR) [4] in working age adults and age-related

• In addition unconventional mechanisms of internalization can

  2024-08-19

  

  In addition, unconventional mechanisms of internalization cannot be ignored. It is generally believed that the conventional homologous internalization of a GPCR depends on the activation of G proteins, since GRK activation requires the pre-activation of G proteins (Fig. 2). Feng et al. demonstrated

• Although only Leu CysAP IRAP Herbest et al Keller and

  2024-08-19

  

  Although only Leu/CysAP (IRAP) (Herbest et al., 1997, Keller, 2004) and DPPIV (Alponti and Silveira, 2010, Kirino et al., 2009) had been identified and studied in adipocytes, our kinetic analysis suggested the highest physiological significance for AspAP (highest affinity) and APM and PSA (highest e

• Introduction Lipoxygenases LOXs are key

  2024-08-19

  

  Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are key enzymes that catalyze the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidic Argatroban (AA), linoleic acid (LA) and others unsaturated fatty acids (Brash, 1999). LOXs are expressed in immune, neural, epithelial, tumor cells and other cells (Claesson, 2

• Introduction Increasing environmental pollution caused by

  2024-08-19

  

  Introduction Increasing environmental pollution caused by heavy metals, originating mainly from industrial processes and urban activities, as well as the widespread application of pesticides, fertilizers, manure and sewage sludge, has posed a serious problem for safe food production and become a po

• br Does TIPARP contribute to the diverse species sensitivity

  2024-08-17

  

  Does TIPARP contribute to the diverse species sensitivity to TCDD toxicity? In chick embryo hepatocytes TIPARP was reported to mediate the TCDD-dependent suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis, by reducing cellular NAD+ levels and reducing PCK1 expression, suggesting that ADP-ribosylation enhance

• br A novel therapeutic strategy based on the

  2024-08-17

  

  A novel therapeutic strategy based on the APN and obesity paradoxes As shown above, the relationship of the serum APN concentration with health and disease states shows an inverted-U correlation, suggesting that moderate concentrations of serum APN are beneficial (Fig. 3). Given that both hypo- a

• br Adenosine receptors and the adaptive immunity

  2024-08-17

  

  Adenosine receptors and the adaptive immunity T lymphocytes are responsible for the cell-mediated immune response [95]. These cells can be stimulated by the presentation of antigenic moieties by APCs, such as dendritic cells or macrophages [96]. The presentation of antigenic molecules on the APC

• br AD and COX LOX pharmacology

  2024-08-17

  

  AD and COX/5-LOX pharmacology Early studies on the role of cyclooxygenases in AD were inspired by epidemiological data suggesting that COX inhibitors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could be beneficial in AD patients (Lucca et al., 1994, McGeer et al., 1990). This line of re

• A promising target that is involved

  2024-08-17

  

  A promising target that is involved in the biosynthesis of the precursor LTA4 is the 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP), which in vivo is seemingly indispensable for LT formation [8], [9]. FLAP, a member of the MAPEG family (membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism), is an i

• The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cho

  2024-08-17

  

  The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cholestatic pruritus remain unknown [45], [46]. Indeed, there has been an enormous effort at understanding the etiology of PBC-related pruritus, including work at the cellular and molecular level, but such efforts have not been translated into

• Because of the formation of phosphoenzyme intermediates the

  2024-08-17

  

  Because of the formation of phosphoenzyme intermediates, the enzymatic NT157 of P-ATPases can be divided into steps that include a kinase activity, by which an aspartate residue on the enzyme is phosphorylated, and a phosphatase activity, by which the phosphoenzyme is dephosphorylated. Another comm

• Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have

  2024-08-17

  

  Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have been reported (Qiu et al., 2008; Revankar et al., 2005), a large percentage of membrane-initiated steroid hormone signaling appears to be performed by a subpopulation of the same receptors that act in the nucleus. Specifically, estrogen rec

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