• br The HDC knockout mouse as a pathophysiological

  2021-10-14

  

  The HDC knockout mouse as a pathophysiological model of TS The implication of a hypomorphic allele of the Hdc gene as a rare cause of TS (Ercan-Sencicek et al., 2010) created a rare opportunity for the generation of a pathophysiologically grounded model of the disorder. Modeling pathophysiology o

• Most hexokinases are widely expressed but distinct hexokinas

  2021-10-14

  

  Most hexokinases are widely expressed but distinct hexokinases predominate specific tissues (Katzen and Schimke, 1965, Rogers et al., 1975). Hexokinase I is found in all mammalian tissues, but is most abundant in the myelin basic protein synthesis and kidney (griffin et al., 1992). Hexokinase II is

• Our study expands our current knowledge

  2021-10-14

  

  Our study expands our current knowledge of Ras-like small GTPase molecules involved in TLR-mediated responses in macrophages. We found that steady-state levels of Rap2a mRNA and protein undergo alterations after stimuli with TLR agonists. Although statistically significant, the effect of LPS-induced

• br Introduction Adipose tissue AT in

  2021-10-14

  

  Introduction Adipose tissue (AT), in addition to its function as corticotropin releasing factor storage, is an important endocrine organ and it secretes adipokines (Ahima, 2006). Adipose tissue is related to different physiological processes such as energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and in

• In this study we further expanded

  2021-10-14

  

  In this study, we further expanded the antitumor bioactivity, with the BALB/c S-180 tumor model, which is long-established due to its highly aggressive in all strains of laboratory mice and rats (Cui et al., 2003). We investigated the tumor-regressing ability of β-glucan by different modes of admini

• Heparin and suramin are highly negatively charged molecules

  2021-10-14

  

  Heparin and suramin are highly negatively charged molecules, and they are in this aspect, similar to DNA and likely to compete with DNA by binding to the protein cationic groups [17] (Fig. 1). The inhibitory effect of heparin and suramin on DNA and RNA binding proteins has been described [[18], [19]

• br Discussion The GlyR is responsible for mediating much

  2021-10-14

  

  Discussion The GlyR is responsible for mediating much of the neuronal inhibition in the brainstem and spinal cord, although these receptors are also found in a number of higher brain regions (Baer et al., 2009, Jonsson et al., 2012, Jonsson et al., 2009, Lynch, 2004). A variety of structurally-di

• br Conflict of interest br Introduction Milk and

  2021-10-14

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction Milk and dairy products are nutritious foods that provide lactose, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and proteins, among other nutrients, which have been reported to have a fundamental role in bone development and healthy diets. An adequate consumption of dairy

• br Acknowledgements We thank Kathy Spindler for

  2021-10-13

  

  Acknowledgements We thank Kathy Spindler for helpful review of the manuscript. Expert technical assistance from Joel Whitfield in the University of Michigan Cancer Center Immunology Core is greatly appreciated. This research was supported by the American Heart Association (16GRNT30250013) and by

• Focal adhesion kinase FAK is a non receptor type

  2021-10-13

  

  Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor type tyrosine kinase that can further cooperatively interact with receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to regulate adhesion, migration, survival, proliferation, polarization, and differentiation [12]. Following activation, phosphorylated extracellular regu

• A large body of evidence supports a

  2021-10-13

  

  A large body of evidence supports a contribution of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in the regulation of stress and emotional behavior (Gorzalka and Hill, 2011, Hill and Patel, 2013, Morena et al., 2016). General findings from this work indicate that eCB anandamide signaling is critical for buffer

• br Results br Discussion Previous studies have shown that

  2021-10-13

  

  Results Discussion Previous studies have shown that all the components of ET system are expressed by various neuronal and non-neuronal structures throughout the CNS (McCumber et al., 1990; Giaid et al., 1991). In effect, endothelin-converting enzyme activity, mRNA, ET-1 and ET-3 immunoreactivi

• Two US FDA approved assays are

  2021-10-13

  

  Two US FDA-approved assays are commonly used for VL monitoring: the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS® Taqman® HIV-1 version 2.0 (“CAP/CTM HIV-1 v2”; Roche Molecular Systems) [18], and the RealTime HIV-1 assay (“RealTime HIV-1”, Abbott Molecular) [19]. Several studies have shown good correlation between the ass

• At baseline Hdc KO mice have

  2021-10-13

  

  At baseline, Hdc-KO mice have alterations in the examined signaling cascades that resemble those seen in WT mice after RAMH challenge. Specifically, Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Kit of MSK1 at T581 and of rpS6 ad S235/236 are elevated in dMSNs to a similar extent after saline in KO mice and after RAMH

• The first suggestion that histamine may play a role

  2021-10-13

  

  The first suggestion that histamine may play a role in memory consolidation was from Almeida and Izquierdo (de Almeida & Izquierdo, 1986) who showed that the immediate posttraining intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of 1–10ng of the drug were found to enhance the retention of one-trial

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